Chapter 1: The Potential of Eggshells in Construction

Eggshells are frequently discarded, yet they hold significant potential in the realm of construction.

According to a study by Blasius Ngayakamo and Azikiwe Peter Onwualu, titled “Recent advances in green processing technologies for valorisation of eggshell waste for sustainable construction materials,” the construction industry currently relies heavily on concrete. Annually, over 30 million tons of concrete are produced, equivalent to the weight of six Pyramids of Giza. This reliance on cement, a non-renewable resource, has significant environmental repercussions. For instance, producing one ton of cement emits approximately 850 kilograms of CO2—equivalent to what a person exhales over two years and four months. Thus, seeking alternatives is crucial for reducing our ecological footprint.

One promising alternative is the use of bio-waste from agriculture and households, such as eggshells, rice husk ash, and seashells. Instead of contributing to landfills—where about 6.4 million tons of eggshells end up each year—these materials can be processed into eggshell powder for construction applications. The transformation process involves washing, boiling the shells in acidic water, drying, and grinding them. This method not only diminishes environmental harm but also lowers costs.

Section 1.1: Applications of Eggshell Powder

Eggshell powder can serve various functions in building materials:

Subsection 1.1.1: Enhancing Concrete

The first application of eggshell powder is in concrete production. By incorporating up to 40% eggshell powder into concrete, properties can be improved significantly. This mixture results in a stronger concrete, offering enhanced resistance to compression, splitting, and bending, while also providing better water resistance due to the formation of silicates that help seal cracks.

The video "Can Eggshells be Used to Build a HOUSE?" explores the innovative use of eggshells in construction, demonstrating their effectiveness and benefits.

Subsection 1.1.2: Strengthening Clay Bricks

The second use of eggshell powder is in the production of clay bricks. While clay bricks are known for their durability and thermal insulation, they can be prone to breakage and moisture absorption. Adding eggshell powder enhances their density and reduces water absorption, addressing these weaknesses.

Subsection 1.1.3: Improving Ceramic Tiles

Ceramic tiles, a common construction material, can also benefit from eggshell powder. As the demand for ceramic tiles grows, so does the over-extraction of raw materials like white clay and sand. By incorporating up to 20% eggshell powder, tiles become denser, more fire-resistant, and less absorbent, effectively mitigating waste.

Subsection 1.1.4: Fortifying Compressed Stabilized Blocks

Finally, eggshell powder can enhance the properties of compressed stabilized blocks. Unlike traditional fired clay bricks, these blocks have a lower environmental impact. However, they tend to be less durable. By adding eggshell powder, the strength and resistance to compression of the blocks are significantly improved.

Chapter 2: Conclusion and Next Steps

In summary, eggshells can be transformed into a valuable resource in construction through their incorporation into concrete, clay bricks, ceramic tiles, and compressed blocks. This not only lessens the environmental burden but also elevates the quality of building materials.

The video "DIY Water Soluble Calcium Fertilizer Using Eggshells and Vinegar" provides practical insights on how to repurpose eggshells beyond construction.